~ Early Web Links ~

Webmineral is a comprehensive mineralogy database created by David Barthelmy, cataloging 4,714 individual mineral species with detailed descriptions, crystal structure viewers, X-ray data, chemical formulas, and an extensive image library. Its interactive Java-powered crystal viewers, searchable indexes across dozens of physical and optical properties, and multi-language support make it an invaluable reference for geologists, collectors, and mineral enthusiasts alike.

The Mineral Gallery is a comprehensive online reference dedicated to minerals, featuring detailed descriptions, chemical formulas, physical properties, and photographs of hundreds of mineral specimens. It serves as an invaluable resource for collectors, geology students, and enthusiasts seeking in-depth information on everything from common quartz varieties to rare sulfosalts.

Mineral Webzine is a bilingual French-English non-commercial online magazine dedicated to rockhounds, mineral collectors, and geology enthusiasts. Featuring photographs of specimens like garnet, wulfenite, and cinnabar contributed by collectors from Canada and France, it serves as a reference for mineralogy, crystallography, and gemology.

Wasser-Wissen is a German-language internet portal dedicated to water and wastewater topics, featuring an A-Z encyclopedia, news, link directories, legal references, and resources on water management and environmental systems. The site covers everything from chemical elements relevant to water chemistry to sewage treatment plants, court rulings, dissertations, and international water management organizations.

Steve Allen's detailed reference site on the history and technical implications of leap seconds, delta time, and precision time scales used in astronomy and timekeeping. It features plots, tables, historical data, and analysis of the ongoing ITU-R debate over whether to abandon leap seconds from UTC.

Le Regne Mineral is a French bimonthly mineralogy magazine covering earth sciences with original articles and high-quality mineral photography from renowned specialists like Jeff Scovil and Mick Cooper. Considered one of the top five mineral magazines in the world after four years of publication, it serves collectors, rockhounds, and mineralogy enthusiasts across Europe and beyond.

Mineralienatlas is a comprehensive German-language encyclopedia and community platform covering mineralogy, geology, paleontology, and mining, supported by thousands of members worldwide. Visitors can search minerals by chemical properties, browse fossil and mineral portraits, explore collecting locations, and dive into crystallography and systematic mineralogy.

NAGS (Norske Amatørgeologers Sammenslutning) is the Norwegian association for amateur geologists, offering a comprehensive lexicon of Norwegian minerals, an index of articles from their geology magazine STEIN dating back to 1973, and listings of geology clubs across Norway. Visitors interested in rocks and minerals as a hobby will find this a rich hub for Norwegian earth science resources and community.

The PALEOMAP Project, run by Christopher Scotese, is a comprehensive scientific resource illustrating the plate tectonic development of Earth's ocean basins and continents over the past 1.1 billion years. Visitors can explore full-color paleogeographic maps, interactive 3D PaleoGlobes, animations of ancient Earth configurations like Pangea, and download materials for geology education.

Amethyst Galleries' Mineral Gallery, self-proclaimed 'The First Internet Rock Shop,' is a comprehensive reference covering minerals, rocks, crystals, gemstones, and birthstones organized by chemical class and physical properties. With detailed explanations of mineralogy, crystal formation, and browsable indexes by name and category, it has been an authoritative online mineral encyclopedia since 1995.