~ Early Web Links ~

Calculating Empires is a sweeping large-scale research visualization by Kate Crawford and Vladan Joler tracing how technology and power have co-evolved since 1500, spanning topics from computation and surveillance to colonialism and military systems. The interactive map invites deep exploration of the interconnected genealogies of technical and social structures across five centuries, making it a remarkable scholarly artifact for anyone interested in the history of technology and empire.

The Newberry Library's Atlas of Historical County Boundaries Project offers comprehensive maps, chronologies, and data covering every Pennsylvania county's historical boundaries, names, and organizational changes from the state's earliest counties through the year 2000. Researchers can explore interactive maps, download GIS shapefiles, KMZ files for Google Earth, and printer-friendly PDFs detailing all 67 counties including extinct and proposed counties.

A detailed tribute to 'Kids' Break,' a locally-produced educational children's TV show that aired on WDCA-TV Channel 20 in Washington DC from 1980 to 1987, featuring photos and behind-the-scenes history donated by producer Dick Dyszel. Part of the larger dcmemories.com archive, this page chronicles the show's segments, hosts like Howard Huge, Chef Combo, and Milton M. Milton, along with the broadcasting context that led to its creation.

This is the guestbook for a personal Neocities-style site called 'eatsteas,' where visitors leave messages praising the creator's shrines and dream journal entries. The guestbook messages hint at a richly decorated personal site with creative features like wooden mannequin decorations and lucid dreaming content.

Hosted at McMaster University, this is the official online home of the Bertrand Russell Archives, preserving the correspondence, manuscripts, photographs, and library of the renowned British philosopher and peace advocate. Visitors can search the BRACERS database, browse digital exhibits, explore Russell's collected papers and letters, and access scholarly resources about his life and philosophy.

Genealogy Indexer is a free search engine covering over 2 million scanned pages of historical directories, yizkor books, military lists, and school records, focused primarily on Central and Eastern European Jewish genealogy. Researchers can browse collections spanning dozens of countries and regions, with tools for transliterating between Latin, Cyrillic, and Hebrew scripts to aid in tracing family histories across linguistic boundaries.

The Food Timeline is an exhaustive culinary history reference created by Lynne Olver and now maintained through Virginia Tech University Libraries, tracing the origins and evolution of foods from ancient Rome to modern times. With over 2,300 books in its library collection and thousands of meticulously researched entries, it answers questions like who invented the potato chip and what pioneers ate on the Oregon Trail.

A memorial and historical resource dedicated to Waverly Hills Sanatorium and Woodhaven Geriatric Center in Louisville, Kentucky, documenting the patients, doctors, and staff whose lives shaped the history of these tuberculosis and geriatric institutions. The site includes patient profiles, TB death rates, a photo gallery, building layouts, and a timeline of events, all sourced from photographs, news articles, and historical archives.

ORB (Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies) is an academic encyclopedia and reference site written and maintained by medieval scholars for instructors and serious students. It offers an encyclopedia, textbook library, teaching resources, e-texts, and a reference shelf covering the breadth of medieval history and culture.

Created by Jeffrey L. Thomas in 1996, The Castles of Wales is a comprehensive reference covering over 400 Welsh castles with high-quality photographs, historical essays, and profiles of the principal castle builders. Celebrating 30 years online, it features both famous fortifications like Chepstow and Beaumaris alongside lesser-known gems, contributed by historians, published authors, and castle enthusiasts alike.