~ Early Web Links ~

The personal homepage of prolific author and inventor Clifford A. Pickover, featuring links to his 50+ books spanning fractals, chaos, black holes, the fourth dimension, and the mathematics of reality. With 800 patents, a sprawling collection of puzzles, art, and cosmic questions, this site is a portal into the mind of one of science's most imaginative popularizers.

Math2.org is a comprehensive math reference site offering organized tables, formulas, and identities covering everything from basic arithmetic to calculus, linear algebra, and Fourier transforms. Available in both English and Spanish, it also features a message board for math questions and links to other top math resources on the web.

John Baez is a mathematical physicist and emeritus professor at UC Riverside whose sprawling personal site features decades of expository writing on math and physics, including his long-running column 'This Week's Finds in Mathematical Physics.' Visitors can explore course notes, research papers, talks on topics from category theory to the Standard Model, and accessible blog posts bridging cutting-edge science with public engagement.

Hosted by Agnes Scott College, this site offers an extensive collection of biographical essays on women mathematicians throughout history, organized alphabetically, chronologically, and even by birthplace with an interactive Google Map. It also tracks prizes, firsts, and current achievements, making it a rich reference for anyone interested in the history of women in mathematics.

A comprehensive link directory dedicated entirely to pi, curated by David Blatner, author of 'The Joy of Pi,' covering everything from basic pi facts and digit downloads to pi music, pi history, and Pi Day celebrations. Visitors will find hundreds of categorized links spanning memorizing pi, calculating digits, pi mysteries, and even wacky pi fun, making it a go-to hub for pi enthusiasts of all levels.

Bruno Kevius has assembled an extensive link collection covering mathematical art, fractals, chaos theory, and geometry, featuring resources on M.C. Escher, polyhedra, cellular automata, and fractal software. With over 120 curated links spanning strange attractors, tessellations, origami, and geometric sculpture, this is a rich reference hub for anyone exploring the intersection of math and visual art.

MacTutor is a vast free archive maintained by mathematicians Edmund Robertson and John O'Connor of the University of St Andrews, featuring biographies of over 3000 mathematicians and more than 2000 historical essays. A true labor of love recognized with the Hirst Prize of the London Mathematical Society, it includes specialized indexes covering female mathematicians, mathematical societies, historical curves, and even postage stamps honoring math figures.

Dr Ron Knott's comprehensive mathematics resource, hosted by Surrey University since 1996, covers Fibonacci numbers, the golden ratio, and their appearances in nature, art, geometry, architecture, and music. Packed with interactive calculators, puzzles, investigations, and dozens of linked pages exploring everything from Lucas sequences to phyllotaxis, this is one of the oldest and most thorough maths sites on the web.

Created by Alexander Bogomolny starting in 1996, Cut the Knot is a massive encyclopedic collection of interactive mathematics covering geometry, algebra, probability, puzzles, proofs, and much more, built over decades until his passing in 2018. With thousands of pages, interactive Java applets, Olympiad problems, and articles spanning all levels of math, it stands as one of the most beloved and comprehensive math resources ever built on the early web.

PlanetMath.org is a collaboratively built mathematics encyclopedia where community members write and review entries covering a vast range of mathematical topics, all rendered in LaTeX. Hosted by the University of Waterloo and operated as a nonprofit, it offers both a subject index and alphabetical index, making it a serious reference hub for students, educators, and math enthusiasts.