~ Early Web Links ~

Calculus.org is a comprehensive educational hub hosted by UC Davis, offering step-by-step calculus problems, Java applets, Maple and Mathematica animations, and sample exams for both students and instructors. The site covers differential, integral, and multivariable calculus with resources ranging from humorous beginner guides to actuarial review problems, making it a well-rounded reference for anyone tackling the subject.

Pinference is an R package by PierGianLuca Porta Mana that implements probability inference for propositional logic, calculating lower and upper probability bounds for logical expressions using Hailperin's procedure. The documentation site covers the theoretical foundations connecting probability calculus to sequent calculus, with worked examples and an API reference for the inferP() function.

Charles Petzold's web-book-in-progress explores the history, utility, and mechanics of logarithms, from their origins in 400-year-old mathematical tables to slide rules and spherical trigonometry. With over 30 chapter-length pages covering topics like the Book of Vlacq, log-log scales, and John Napier's life, this is a rich and deeply researched labor of love for math history enthusiasts.

Created by Steven H. Cullinane, this page explores the mathematical geometry underlying quilt block design, connecting symmetry theory to traditional patchwork patterns. It organizes curated resources across three difficulty levels, from elementary classroom guides to advanced topics like block designs in art and mathematics.

A curated collection of mathematics education links compiled at Andrews University, organized into sections for teachers, parents, and students across K-12 grade levels. The directory covers lesson plans, interactive activities, problem-solving resources, and NCTM-aligned curriculum materials from across the early web.

Julien C. Sprott's Fractal Gallery is a sprawling collection of computer-generated fractal artwork, featuring a daily auto-updated fractal derived from strange attractor algorithms described in his book 'Strange Attractors: Creating Patterns in Chaos'. Visitors can browse thousands of downloadable images spanning Julia sets, Mandelbrot sets, 3D anaglyphs, tilings, and animations, plus a Java applet that generates new fractals every five seconds.

Alex Rutar is a mathematics postdoctoral researcher specializing in fractal geometry, dynamical systems, and dimension theory, with affiliations at the University of Jyväskylä and a PhD from the University of St Andrews. His site serves as an academic hub linking to his publications, expository writing, CV, and open-source developer tools built around LaTeX and terminal utilities.

Shtetl-Optimized is the long-running blog of Scott Aaronson, a theoretical computer scientist and quantum computing researcher, where he dives deep into complexity theory, quantum computing misconceptions, AI, and education policy. Known for its intellectual rigor and wit, it attracts readers from academia and beyond who enjoy substantive takes on math, physics, and the occasional culture-war skirmish in gifted education.

Christian Plesner Hansen's technical blog dives deep into the legendary fast inverse square root hack and its magic constant 0x5f3759df, tracing the algorithm's surprising history from Ardent Computer in the 1980s through SGI, 3dfx, and Quake III Arena. The post rigorously explains the underlying floating-point bit manipulation, generalizes the technique to arbitrary powers, and includes graphs and mathematical derivations that illuminate why this 'evil' hack actually works.

Math2.org is a comprehensive math reference site offering organized tables, formulas, and identities covering everything from basic arithmetic to calculus, linear algebra, and Fourier transforms. Available in both English and Spanish, it also features a message board for math questions and links to other top math resources on the web.