~ Early Web Links ~

The personal homepage of prolific author and inventor Clifford A. Pickover, featuring links to his 50+ books spanning fractals, chaos, black holes, the fourth dimension, and the mathematics of reality. With 800 patents, a sprawling collection of puzzles, art, and cosmic questions, this site is a portal into the mind of one of science's most imaginative popularizers.

John Shepler's engaging article celebrates Pi Day and explores the fascinating history of the transcendental number pi, from ancient scholars to modern supercomputers crunching billions of decimal places. Packed with fun facts, literary references, and links to birthday calculators and playlists, it makes mathematics genuinely entertaining for casual readers and math enthusiasts alike.

Hosted by Agnes Scott College, this site offers an extensive collection of biographical essays on women mathematicians throughout history, organized alphabetically, chronologically, and even by birthplace with an interactive Google Map. It also tracks prizes, firsts, and current achievements, making it a rich reference for anyone interested in the history of women in mathematics.

GoGeometry, created by Antonio Gutierrez, offers over 1600 illustrated geometry problems alongside interactive lessons and tutorials suited for both students and teachers. The site blends mathematical rigor with cultural touches, weaving in references to Incan heritage, Machu Picchu, and the golden ratio to make geometry visually engaging and globally inspired.

The Chaos Hypertextbook is a deep educational resource covering chaos theory, fractals, strange attractors, and fractal dimension with clear explanations aimed at making complex mathematics accessible to a broad audience. Organized into chapters covering iteration, bifurcation, Julia sets, Mandelbrot sets, and nonlinear dynamics, it reads like a beautifully structured online textbook that would captivate anyone curious about the mathematics underlying unpredictable systems.

The National Curve Bank is a mathematical archive dedicated to cataloging and exploring curves, offering detailed information on their properties, equations, and historical significance. A sister site to the Witch of Agnesi page, this project serves as an educational reference for students, educators, and math enthusiasts interested in the geometry of curves.

Created by Robert G. Scharein, the KnotPlot Site is a visually stunning exploration of mathematical knot theory, featuring hundreds of images and animations generated by the KnotPlot software for Windows, macOS, and Linux. Visitors can browse galleries of torus knots, Celtic knots, hyperbolic knots, Brunnian links, and fractal structures, as well as download the KnotPlot program itself to visualize and manipulate knots in three and four dimensions.

Julien C. Sprott's Fractal Gallery is a sprawling collection of computer-generated fractal artwork, featuring a daily auto-updated fractal derived from strange attractor algorithms described in his book 'Strange Attractors: Creating Patterns in Chaos'. Visitors can browse thousands of downloadable images spanning Julia sets, Mandelbrot sets, 3D anaglyphs, tilings, and animations, plus a Java applet that generates new fractals every five seconds.

The Mathematics Genealogy Project is a massive academic database tracking the doctoral advisor lineages of mathematicians worldwide, with over 337,000 records linking students to their advisors across generations. Hosted by NDSU in association with the American Mathematical Society, it lets you trace the intellectual ancestry of virtually any mathematician back through history.

PlanetMath.org is a collaboratively built mathematics encyclopedia where community members write and review entries covering a vast range of mathematical topics, all rendered in LaTeX. Hosted by the University of Waterloo and operated as a nonprofit, it offers both a subject index and alphabetical index, making it a serious reference hub for students, educators, and math enthusiasts.