~ Early Web Links ~

David E. Joyce of Clark University presents a detailed mathematical exploration of compass-only geometric constructions, proving that a straightedge is unnecessary for any Euclidean construction. The site covers circle inversion, stereographic projection, inversive geometry, and involutory quandles, drawing on the historical work of Mohr and Mascheroni.

Dominic Cook's personal site collects his explorations in mathematics, number theory, measure theory, and speculative metaphysics alongside creative web projects like 88x31 webpins, glitch art, and calculators. The mix of rigorous mathematical writing and old-web aesthetics makes it a quirky, intellectually curious corner of the indie web.

Dimensions is a freely available two-hour mathematical film by Jos Leys, Étienne Ghys, and Aurélien Alvarez that guides viewers through nine chapters building up to the concept of the fourth dimension. Released under a Creative Commons license, it offers commentary and subtitles in over a dozen languages, making advanced mathematical visualization accessible to a global audience.

Hosted by Agnes Scott College, this site offers an extensive collection of biographical essays on women mathematicians throughout history, organized alphabetically, chronologically, and even by birthplace with an interactive Google Map. It also tracks prizes, firsts, and current achievements, making it a rich reference for anyone interested in the history of women in mathematics.

Jeff Miller's meticulously researched reference page tracks the earliest known uses of mathematical terminology, tracing when and where specific math words first appeared in historical texts. This is a unique etymological resource for mathematicians, historians, and anyone curious about the origins of the language of mathematics.

A curated collection of external math links from MathIsFun, organized into math websites, fun puzzle sites, and schools, covering everything from algebra and geometry to game theory and Pi. Created by Rod Pierce, this page serves as a springboard to some of the web's best math resources for students, teachers, and curious minds alike.

John Shepler's engaging article celebrates Pi Day and explores the fascinating history of the transcendental number pi, from ancient scholars to modern supercomputers crunching billions of decimal places. Packed with fun facts, literary references, and links to birthday calculators and playlists, it makes mathematics genuinely entertaining for casual readers and math enthusiasts alike.

Pinference is an R package by PierGianLuca Porta Mana that implements probability inference for propositional logic, calculating lower and upper probability bounds for logical expressions using Hailperin's procedure. The documentation site covers the theoretical foundations connecting probability calculus to sequent calculus, with worked examples and an API reference for the inferP() function.

A page by a student or researcher at Brock University presenting the first 10,000 decimal digits of pi, calculated using Machin's formula on a Silicon Graphics MIPS R4400 workstation. It offers a concise glimpse into early 1990s academic computing power applied to a classic mathematical challenge.

Kenny Felder offers a thorough and accessible explanation of Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem, drawing heavily on Hofstadter's 'Gödel, Escher, Bach' to walk readers through the mathematics and philosophy behind one of the most profound results in logic. Written in 1996, the piece explores formal axiomatic systems, Russell and Whitehead's Principia Mathematica, and the far-reaching implications of Gödel's work for mathematics, artificial intelligence, and the nature of mind.