~ Early Web Links ~

The Spinoza-Gesellschaft e.V. is a German academic society dedicated to promoting research and cultural engagement with the philosopher Baruch Spinoza, particularly within German-speaking communities. Visitors can find information about scholarly conferences, publications, a Spinoza bibliography, and upcoming events such as reading seminars focused on Spinoza's Ethics.

A Russian-language directory of philosophical resources on the Internet, curating links to electronic texts, philosopher profiles, and discussion forums for both Russian and international audiences. Supported by the Soros Foundation's Open Society Institute, this bilingual catalog offers a rare window into late-1990s Russian academic philosophy online.

Islamic Philosophy Online (Philosophia Islamica) is a premier reference site dedicated to the philosophical traditions of the Muslim world, hosting hundreds of full-length books and articles spanning classical and modern works. Scholars and students alike will find texts on major thinkers such as Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Al-Farabi, and Al-Kindi, making it an invaluable academic hub for Islamic and Arabic philosophy.

Florin Ungur's personal corner of the web, home to his ideas and essays on topics ranging from philosophy to psychology and beyond. A thoughtful minimalist site from someone who self-describes as a fan of computers, zombies, and Hunter S. Thompson, with an old-school email newsletter for followers.

Built by Douglas Boynton Quine, this comprehensive tribute to philosopher and mathematician Willard Van Orman Quine (1908-2000) covers his books, essays, articles, awards, students, and even his cultural footprint in stamps, cartoons, and word games. With over 317 links and decades of accumulated material, it serves as the definitive online archive for anyone researching one of the 20th century's most influential analytic philosophers.

Refdesk.com's philosophy resources page is a curated directory of links covering a wide range of philosophical traditions, from alchemy and atheism to Buddhism, Zen, and Western academic philosophy. It serves as a convenient jumping-off point for researchers and curious minds, aggregating encyclopedias, journals, foundation sites, and study guides all in one place.

Jachère is a thoughtfully crafted personal site built around the concept of 'fallow land' as a metaphor for anti-capitalist, non-productive space and being. The site includes a journal, notes, how-tos, and a glossary, weaving together philosophical reflection with practical content in a minimalist format.

Cult.ist presents itself as 'the web's last sanctuary,' a moody, esoteric personal site with articles, an archive, and a guestbook that leans into themes of impermanence and digital mysticism. The Latin meta description ('remember you will die, for you are dust and to dust you shall return') and keywords like 'enigmatic spaces' and 'philosophical explorations' signal a site built around introspective, philosophical content.

A detailed biographical page about Zeno of Kitium, the Cypriot-born founder of Stoic philosophy, tracing his life from a shipwreck near Athens to establishing his famous school at the Stoa Poikile. Part of a broader Cyprus tourism and culture site, this page also highlights the International Stoic Society and a Philosophers Symposium held in Larnaca to honor his legacy.

Patrick Peccatte's French-language site explores the intersection of philosophy, computer science, and mathematics, with a particular focus on the demarcation between science and pseudoscience, the philosophy of mind, and quasi-empiricism in mathematics. Home to the full PDF text of his 1996 book 'La consistance rationnelle' and extensive commentary on the Sokal affair and thinkers like Wittgenstein, Putnam, and Searle.