~ Early Web Links ~

Created by physicist E. Butikov of IFMO, this collection presents interactive Java applets simulating remarkable three-body gravitational motion problems, including the famous figure-eight periodic orbit and restricted three-body scenarios. It bridges classical Newtonian mechanics and celestial mechanics with hands-on simulations suitable for students and advanced researchers exploring planetary system dynamics.

The official site for NASA's Gravity Probe B mission, a Stanford University experiment designed to test two key predictions of Einstein's general theory of relativity using ultra-precise gyroscopes orbiting Earth. Visitors can explore the mission's history dating back to 1959, the groundbreaking engineering advances required to make it possible, technical papers, image galleries, and video overviews of spacetime concepts.

The official homepage of Gerard 't Hooft, Nobel Prize-winning theoretical physicist at Utrecht University, covering his research into quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, and black hole physics. Visitors can access his lecture notes, publication list, curriculum vitae, and his ongoing work on deterministic quantum mechanics and the origins of quantum behavior.

PhysicsPages is a detailed self-study companion covering classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, electrodynamics, relativity, string theory, and more, written with honest, jargon-free explanations that avoid the dreaded 'obviously' of typical textbooks. The creator presents rigorous, math-heavy notes designed for university students or independent learners working through structured physics topics.

HyperPhysics is a sprawling educational reference site from Georgia State University covering virtually every topic in physics through an interconnected web of concept maps and concise explanations. Visitors can explore everything from classical mechanics and thermodynamics to quantum physics and relativity, with formulas, diagrams, and worked examples throughout.

William J. Beaty, a Seattle electrical engineer, explores the fascinating physics of traffic jams, showing how waves propagate through congested highways much like fluid dynamics. The site features animations, experiments, and practical techniques for how a single driver can actually dissolve traffic slowdowns, making it a genuinely mind-expanding read for any commuter.

John G. Cramer's subject index collects his long-running 'Alternate View' column from Analog Science Fiction & Fact Magazine, organizing hundreds of short essays on cutting-edge science into topics like quantum mechanics, cosmology, wormholes, and space drives. Running from 1984 to the present, this archive is a remarkable resource for hard SF readers and writers who want rigorous, accessible science writing from a working physicist.

The String Coffee Table is a collaborative group blog hosted at the University of Texas at Austin, bringing together physicists to discuss string theory, loop quantum gravity, conformal field theory, and related advanced topics. Posts make heavy use of MathML for rendering equations, and contributors include researchers like Urs Schreiber and Lubos Motl, making it a rich academic resource for cutting-edge theoretical physics.

Created by a University of Toronto physicist, this collection features 99 Flash animations covering topics from Quantum Mechanics and Relativity to Chaos and Fluid Mechanics, making abstract physics concepts visually intuitive. A bonus tutorial teaches how to build your own physics animations in Flash, and the animations are available in multiple languages under a Creative Commons license.

Mike Daub is a physics and mathematics educator with a master's from UC Berkeley who spent five seasons at the South Pole researching experimental cosmology on the ACBAR project. His personal site covers his academic background, libertarian politics, photography, and a no-nonsense hand-coded HTML philosophy with no frameworks or tracking.